The electron multiplier is a highly sensitive device to detect individual energetic particles such as electron, photons, or ions. Multipliers are based on two principles: (1) the particle(s) to be detected have to be converted to electrons before the amplification can take place (using a so called conversion dynode), and (2) the amplification is caused by a cascade of acceleration electrodes (called dynodes) which accelerate the electrons to speeds which allow them to generate more than one new electron when hitting the next dynode.

There are several designs available which are all based on the same accelerate-and-hit principle. However, the dynodes may be replaced by a layer of metal oxides (lead and tin oxide) in a glass tube (channeltron), or by coated channels within a glass construction (channel plate). All these designs have in common that the voltage across the pathway of the electrons determines the overall gain.

This simulation of a simple electron multiplier tube (EMT) allows to see the basic principle of the EMT. The user can adjust the voltage between the dynodes of the EMT in order to see the avalanche effect.

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