References
In this section I list some of the books, web pages, and other references
relevant to each chapter.
Chapter 1
- Portable Network Graphics (PNG) home site
Roelofs, Greg, http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/. This site
includes the PNG specification (all versions), the PNG extensions
document, sample images, historical information, an extensive list of
known PNG-supporting plications, programming information (including
a link to the demonstration source code presented in Part III), and
even a VRML97 test world. - ``Not Just Decoration: Quality Graphics for the Web''
Lilley, Chris,
http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/53/gq-boston.html. In
particular, see the sections on ``Anti-aliasing and Transparency''
(http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/53/gq-trans.html),
``Gamma Correction''
(http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/53/gq-gamma.html/),
``Colour Display''
(http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/53/gq-gamut.html/). - ``PNG and Gamma''
Lilley, Chris,
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/platform.html. - ``PNG and Chromaticity''
Lilley, Chris,
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/platform2.html. - ``PNG and Color Management''
Lilley, Chris,
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/platform3.html. - International Color Consortium home page
http://www.color.org/.
The ICC is responsible for the standard ``device profile'' format that allows
one to describe the characteristics of display devices very precisely. - sRGB web site
Hewlett-Packard Company,
http://www.sRGB.com/. - IEC Technical Committee 100 home page
International Electrotechnical Commission,
http://www.iec.ch/tc100/.
This is the committee overseeing the standardization of sRGB. - ``JPEG--What's New''
Elysium, Ltd.,
http://www.jpeg.org/public/jpegnew.htm.
This site contains news and information about JPEG-LS, among other things. - HP Labs LOCO-I/JPEG-LS home page
Hewlett-Packard Company,
http://www.hpl.hp.com/loco/. - ``Waterloo BragZone''
Kominek, John,
http://links.uwaterloo.ca/bragzone.base.html. - BitJazz home page
http://www.bitjazz.com/. - 16million.png
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/img_png/16million.png.
This is the 113 KB lossless image containing all 16.8 million possible colors
in the 24-bit RGB spectrum. - ``Win98 Explorer buffer-size bug''
http://www.macromedia.com/support/fireworks/ts/documents/ie_bug.htm.
When Windows 98's Explorer is set to View
→
as Web Page, it will
crash when certain PNG images with large chunk sizes are clicked on, apparently
due to a 4 KB buffer limitation in Explorer. This problem first showed up
with the intermediate PNG files produced by Fireworks 1.0.
Chapter 7
- ``The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective''
Battilana, Michael C.,
http://www.cloanto.com/users/mcb/19950127giflzw.html. - Thomas Boutell's home page
Boutell, Thomas,
http://www.boutell.com/boutell/. - ``MNG-supporting Applications''
Roelofs, Greg,
http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/mngapps.html. - The Data Compression Book, Second Edition
Nelson, Mark, and Jean-loup Gailly,
M&T Books, New York, 1996.
- ``PNG Graphics Specification as Basis for GIF24''
CompuServe, Feb. 14, 1995, http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/CS-950214.html.
- ``Paleo PNGs''
Randers-Pehrson, Glenn,
http://www.rpi.edu/~randeg/paleo_pngs.html. - ``Jonathan Swift-Gulliver's Travels-Dictionary-B''
Jaffe, Lee,
http://www.jaffebros.com/lee/gulliver/dict/b.html#bigend.
The source of ``big-endian'' and ``little-endian'' computer jargon explained.
- VRML97, ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997; Conformance and minimum support requirements
http://www.vrml.org/Specifications/VRML97/part1/conformance.html. - RFC 2083: ``PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.0''
Boutell, Thomas, et al.,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2083.txt. - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.0
Boutell, Thomas, et al.,
http://www.w3.org/TR/png.html.
This is the ``W3C Recommendation 01-October-1996.'' - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification, Version 1.2
Randers-Pehrson, Glenn, et al.,
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/spec/.
This link will always be updated to point at the latest version of the PNG
specification. See also http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngdocs.html for
pointers to other versions and formats for the specification (plain text,
PostScript, etc.). - MNG (Multiple-image Network Graphics) Format, Version 1.0
Randers-Pehrson, Glenn,
http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/spec/.
This link will always be updated to point at the latest version of the MNG
specification. See also http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/mngdocs.html for
pointers to other formats for the specification (plain text, PostScript, etc.).
Chapter 8
- ``Colour in Computer Graphics: Student Notes''
Lilley, C., F. Lin, W. T. Hewitt, and T. L. J. Howard,
Manchester Computing Centre and Department of Computer Science,
University of Manchester,
http://www.man.ac.uk/MVC/training/gravigs/colour/. In particular,
see Chapter 2, "Applications: WWW Browsers and Servers" and Chapter 3, "Applications: Image Viewers". Follow the freely available link to the student
notes and six color-plate links in the ``Lecture course'' section. - ``The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard''
Wallace, Gregory K.,
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz. - Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats, Second Edition
Murray, James D., and William vanRyper,
O'Reilly and Associates, 1996.
See also the Chapter 5 entry for the libtiff home page.
Chapter 9
- Lossless Compression Handbook
Sayood, Khalid (ed.), Academic Press/Elsevier Science, 2003.
- ``zlib Technical Details''
Adler, Mark and Jean-loup Gailly,
http://www.zlib.org/zlib_tech.html. - ``Source Code''
Colosseum Builders,
http://www.colosseumbuilders.com/sourcecode.htm. This is the location
for an independent PNG and zlib implementation in C++, by John Miano. - The Programmer's Guide to Compressed Image Files
Miano, John,
ACM Press/Addison Wesley Longman, 1999.
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU) home page
http://www.itu.int/ - ``JPEG Related Links''
Elysium, Ltd.,
http://www.jpeg.org/public/jpeglinks.htm. This page contains links to
various JPEG and FAQ lists, information about JPEG 2000 and JPEG-LS, software,
and so forth. - ``JPEG-LS Public Domain Code''
Signal Processing and Multimedia Group,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of British Columbia,
http://spmg.ece.ubc.ca/research/jpeg/jpeg_ls/jpegls.html.
See also the Chapter 1 entries for the HP Labs LOCO-I/JPEG-LS home page and the ``Waterloo BragZone.''
Chapter 10
- ``Color Technology''
Poynton, Charles, http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/Poynton-colour.html. - A Technical Introduction to Digital Video
Poynton, Charles, John Wiley & Sons, 1996,
http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/Poynton-T-I-Digital-Video.html.
- ``The colour gamut of a sample monitor (an HP A1097C)''
Lilley, Chris,
http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/53/hp3.png. This is the
chromaticity diagram used in Figures
10-1 and
C-2. - International Commission on Illumination (CIE) home page
http://www.cie.co.at/cie/. - ``ICC Profile Specifications''
International Color Consortium,
http://www.color.org/profiles.html. - ``Color-related stuff--icclib''
Gill, Graeme,
http://web.access.net.au/argyll/color.html. This page provides source
code to a library capable of reading, writing, and doing color conversion on
ICC profiles.
See also the Chapter 1 entries for
additional links on gamma, chromaticity,
color management, sRGB and the International Color Consortium home page, and
see the Chapter 8 entry for "Colour in Computer Graphics: Student Notes."
Chapter 11
- RFC 822: ``Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages''
Crocker, David H., et al., August 13, 1982,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc822.txt. This standard, as amended by
RFC 1123 below, includes the date format recommended for use in PNG's
Creation Time text chunk. - RFC 1123: ``Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support''
Braden, R. (editor), October 1989,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1123.txt. - ``HTTP Specifications and Drafts''
World Wide Web Consortium,
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/Specs.html. These standards define the
official URL format recommended for use in PNG's unofficial URL text chunk. - RFC 1766: ``Tags for the Identification of Languages''
Alvestrand, Harald, March 1995,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1766.txt. - Assigned Language Tags
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/languages/. This ftp
directory contains all of the RFC 1766-format language tags registered to
date (not counting those that were implicitly registered by RFC 1766 itself).
See the file tags for a brief summary. - RFC 2279: ``UTF-8, a Transformation Format of ISO 10646''
Yergeau, François, January 1998,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2279.txt. - Unicode Consortium home page
http://www.unicode.org/. - The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0
Unicode Consortium,
Addison Wesley, 1996,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/u2.html.
- ``Introduction to Widescreen: Aspect Ratios''
Killian, E.,
http://www.clapro.com/widescreen/aspect/aspect.html. - ``Graphics Interchange Format(sm), Version 89a''
CompuServe, 1990,
http://www.wotsit.org/wgraphic/gif89a.zip.
Chapter 12
- Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) home site
Roelofs, Greg,
http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/.
This site includes pointers to the full MNG specification, a list of
all known MNG-supporting applications, and related information and images.
Glenn Randers-Pehrson is a major contributor of material. - libjpeg
Independent JPEG Group,
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/. Source code for the current libjpeg
release as of this writing, version 6b, is in the archive
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz. The directory also contains plain text and
PostScript versions of the JFIF 1.02 specification. - Independent JPEG Group home page
http://www.ijg.org/.
See also the Chapter 7 entry for the MNG (Multiple-image Network Graphics) Format, Version 1.0.
Chapter 13
- ``PNG Source Code and Libraries''
Roelofs, Greg,
http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngcode.html.
This page lists all known PNG-supporting libraries and applications for
which source code is freely available. It includes direct links to the
libpng
(http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html)
and zlib
(http://www.zlib.org/) home pages. - zlib home site
Gailly, Jean-loup, and Greg Roelofs,
http://www.zlib.org/.
This is the official home for zlib, by Jean-loup
Gailly and Mark Adler. Please contact them for anything regarding zlib. - ``A Standard Default Color Space for the Internet--sRGB, Version 1.10''
Stokes, Michael, Matthew Anderson, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, and Ricardo Motta,
November 1996,
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB .
Chapter 15
- ``NetPBM (PBMPLUS) Toolkit''
http://www.arc.umn.edu/GVL/Software/netpbm.html.
There is no official NetPBM home page yet, but the Graphics and Visualization
Laboratory's site is a very good substitute. - RFC 1345: ``Character Mnemonics and Character Sets''
Simonsen, Keld, June 1992,
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1345.txt.
This document provides mappings for a large assortment of 1-byte character
sets. - Character Maps
Simonsen, Keld,
ftp://std.dkuug.dk/i18n/charmaps/.
This is a directory of 1-byte character sets and is probably more complete
than RFC 1345. The parent directory contains still more information on
international character sets. - ``Representation of ISO 8859-1 characters with 7-bit ASCII''
Kuhn, Markus, February 20, 1993,
http://fileserver.hrz.uni-marburg.de/komm/tin-1.30/html/iso2asc.txt.
Chapter 16
See also the Chapter 9 entry for
The Programmer's Guide to Compressed Image Files.
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References 
