A Single-Pass Solution

Although this code works, it is not as efficient as it could be. Every time it calls howMany, it traverses the entire vector. In this example we have to traverse the vector ten times!

It would be better to make a single pass through the vector. For each value in the vector we could find the corresponding counter and increment it. In other words, we can use the value from the vector as an index into the histogram. Here's what that looks like:

The first line initializes the elements of the histogram to zeroes. That way, when we use the increment operator (++) inside the loop, we know we are starting from zero. Forgetting to initialize counters is a common error.

As an exercise, encapsulate this code in a function called histogram that takes a vector and the range of values in the vector (in this case 0 through 10), and that returns a histogram of the values in the vector.